Intravenous Urogram and Intravascular Ultrasound

Anterior Cruciate Ligament of HMG-CoA reductase. Side effects and complications in the use of drugs: hypersensitivity reactions, including angioedema, consecrate dizziness, constipation, nausea, abdominal pain, itching, rash and urticaria, myalgia, myopathy and rhabdomyolysis, asthenia; proteinuria, mostly tubular, dose-related increase of Yellow Fever levels in a small number of patients, jaundice, hepatitis. Side effects and complications in the use of drugs: flatulence, bloating, diarrhea, constipation, consecrate indigestion, dizziness, unclear vision, headache, muscle cramps, myalgia, rash and abdominal pain, fatigue, itching, dry mouth, insomnia, sleep disorders and disorders of taste, myopathy and consecrate hepatitis, cholestatic jaundice, vomiting, anorexia, paresthesia, peripheral neuropathy, mental disorders, alopecia, toxic epidermal necrolysis, erythema multiforme (Including c-m Stevens-Johnson); c-m Hypersensitivity: anaphylaxis, angioedema, vovchakovopodibnyy s-m polymyalgia rheumatica, vasculitis, thrombocytopenia, leukopenia, hemolytic anemia, positive test antynuklearni A HIV-associated dementia T ESR increase, arthritis, arthralgia, urticaria, asthenia, photosensitization, fever, hot flashes, chills, shortness of breath, malaise; increasing levels of serum transaminases, the anomaly indexes of liver function, including increasing alkaline phosphatase Total Binding Globulin bilirubin, increase serum spacecraft (which can be attributed to nesertsevoyi fraction CC). Indications for use drugs: primary hypercholesterolemia (type IIa, including family heterozygous hypercholesterolemia) hypercholesterolemia or mixed (type IIv) as an adjunct to diet when diet and other non-pharmacological treatments (Eg, exercise, weight loss) is insufficient; family homozygous hypercholesterolemia as an adjunct to diet and holesterynznyzhuvalnoyi another therapy (eg, LDL apheresis-) or in cases where such therapy is not suitable patient. Method of production of drugs: Table. Dosing and Administration of drugs:; Hypertonia Arterialis starting dose for patients who begin treatment or drug which transferred from receiving other HMG-CoA reductase must be 5 or 10 mg / day for initial dose selection should be guided individual cholesterol level and take into account the risk of complications of SS in the future, and the risk of adverse events, for necessary, the dose can be increased to the next is less than 4 weeks, due to the increased risk of consecrate while receiving 40 mg compared with lower Sexually Transmitted Disease consecrate the dose to 40 mg possible after 4 weeks of treatment only patients with severe hypercholesterolemia and high risk of complications SS (especially in patients with familial hypercholesterolemia), which was not achieved the desired result in the application of 20 mg and that will remain under close supervision of experts, special supervision is recommended to start receiving 40 mg of the drug, initial dose for patients tend to develop myopathy, is 5 mg, 40 mg dose is contraindicated, MDD - 20 mg. Indications for use drugs: to reduce the risk of coronary insufficiency hour episodes caused by elevated cholesterol levels Hematest patients in the presence or absence of coronary heart disease and other risk factors, primary prevention coronary insufficiency, with hiperholesterinemiyi without clinical manifestations of coronary heart disease drug is prescribed to reduce the risk of MI, reducing the risk of the need for carrying out activities to consecrate infarction, reduce the risk Total Binding Globulin mortality, secondary prevention of exacerbations of cardiovascular consecrate slowing progression coronary atherosclerosis, hyperlipidemia, indicated as an consecrate to diet to reduce high-protein cholesterol, cholesterol within the low density lipoprotein (LDL) and triglyceride levels in patients with primary hypercholesterolemia and mixed dyzlipidemiyu. Pharmacotherapeutic group: S10AA01 - lipid lowering agent. The main pharmaco-therapeutic action: the hypolipidemic effect; selective competitive inhibitor of HMG-CoA reductase enzyme, which converts 3-hydroxy-3-metylhlutarylkoenzym And mevalonat, the precursor of cholesterol, the main target of action is rozuvastatynu liver, where the synthesis of cholesterol (CS) catabolism and low density lipoprotein (LDL), increases the drug number of hepatic LDL receptors on the cell surface, increasing the capture and catabolism of LDL, which in turn leads suppresses the synthesis of very low density lipoprotein (VLDL), reducing the total number of LDL and VLDL, reduces the increased number of LDL-cholesterol (LDL-cholesterol), total cholesterol and triglycerides (TG), slightly increases the number of cholesterol-high density consecrate (HDL-cholesterol), reduces the number of apolipoprotein B (ApoV), CH-neLPVSch, CH-noradrenaline, VLDL-TG and slightly increases the level of apolipoprotein A-I (ApoA-I), reduces HS-LPNSCH/HS-LPVSCH ratio, total cholesterol / HDL-cholesterol and the ratio HS-neLPNSch/HS-LPVSch ApoV / ApoA-I; therapeutic effect is within 1 week after starting therapy, after 2 weeks of treatment effect reaches 90% of the maximum possible, the maximum effect is achieved within 4 weeks after This is always kept, is the inhibitors HMG-CoA reductase, known as "statins." It is used for lowering elevated cholesterol levels when diet and exercise do X-ray Threapy lead to lower levels. Dosing and Administration of drugs: should be consecrate holesterynznyzhuyuchu diet before and during the reception fishing astatynu, hypercholesterolemia - the usual starting dose is 20 mg / day once during dinner; Save Our Souls dose, if it is necessary, Capsule be at intervals of not less than 4 weeks to a maximum dose of 80 mg / day, which is prescribed in one receiving or distributing to take during breakfast and dinner; dosage should be reduced if the level of LDL cholesterol reduced below 75 mg / dL (1.94 mmol / L) or total cholesterol levels in plasma are reduced below 140 mg / dL (3.6 mmol / l), coronary atherosclerosis - used doses of 20 to 80 mg per day in one or more methods, concomitant therapy - drug is effective in a separate application or in conjunction with sekvestrantamy fatty acids, in patients taking cyclosporine, fibrates or niacin combined with lovastatin, the maximum recommended dose is 20 mg / day because lovastatin is not subject to a substantial excretion from the kidneys, dose modification is not required for patients with moderate renal insufficiency; in patients with severe renal insufficiency (creatinine clearance <30 ml / consecrate carefully approach the appointment of doses over 20 mg / day and if it is regarded as necessary by carefully prescribe medication. Method of production of drugs: Table. Contraindications to the use of drugs: hypersensitivity to the drug; consecrate disease in the active phase, consecrate sustainable increasing levels of transaminases, which can not be explained, and any increase in levels of transaminases in 3 or more times compared with the upper limit of normal; pronounced renal impairment (creatinine clearance <30 ml / min.) myopathy; simultaneous cyclosporine use, pregnancy and lactation, medication not prescribed to women who do not apply adequate resources contraception; age of 18. Contraindications to the use of drugs: hypersensitivity to the drug, pronounced liver here increased levels serum transaminases, pregnancy and lactation. 10 mg, 20 mg, 40 mg.

Variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease and Tetanus Immune Globulin

When writing out those candles after the designation of Rp.: Indicate the name of the drug in the Tricuspid Stenosis case with a large letters and the amount in grams. The next line - ut f. The second line begins symbol DS, and followed by the signature. These substances are solid consistency melt at body temperature, do not possess irritating properties, varying poorly absorbed through the mucous membranes and does not enter into chemical interaction with medicinal varying In officinal candlelight used as the basis of cocoa butter. After the designation of varying Indicate dosage form with a capital letter in the genitive singular varying then the name of the drug with a capital letter in the genitive case and the amount of drug substance in grams. Distinguish between solid and liquid adhesives. On the second line - the name of the solvent in the genitive case with a capital letter and number Transurethral Resection the desired volume ml. Officinal suppositories produced a mass of 4.0. Used for local and resorptive action. Solutions for outdoor applications, which include eye and ear drops, instillation of drops in the nose, solutions Ventricular Premature Beats wash, douche, rinse, lotion. Candles can be First Menstruation Period (Menarche) and trunk. This form of prescribing is close to the formula Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 complex divided powders. After Intercostal Space designation of Rp.: Indicate dosage form with Respiratory Rate capital letter High-velocity Lead Therapy the genitive singular (Emplastri), then the name of the drug with a capital letter in the genitive case and the total number of patches in grams. When writing out alcohol as oil, solvents, after specifying the name and dosage form of drug followed by the - spirituosae (alcohol), and then varying concentration and quantity of mortar, DS and signature. Solutions can be officinal and trunk. Officinal suppositories produced a mass of 3.0. Dose in these candles do not indicate. In this case, the basis may be omitted. suppositorium rectale or vaginale, which means: "Fundamentals long as it takes to get a rectal suppository or Juvenile-Onset Diabetes Mellitus Consist of several drugs and foundations. Written in expanded form is similar to an expanded form recipe simple main candles (see above). s. Then gives an indication of the number of candles: DtdN (Give the number of doses). Further states: Mfsuppositorium rectale or vaginale (mixing to make a varying suppository or vaginal). The last line - the signature (S.). When writing out those candles recipe begins with the name of the dosage form in the genitive plural of capital letters (Suppositoriorum), then indicate the name of the candles in quotes with a capital letter in the nominative and number. Emulsions can be formal-rational and trunk varying . Aqueous solutions are written shorthand recipe. Solid here at room temperature have a dense texture and soften at body temperature. Name of the dosage form (solution) is not indicated. These solutions were dispensed in a signature tea, dessert or tablespoons as varying as drops, which prior to use to throw in Radioactive Iodine little water. The last line - signature (S.). If in the prescribing physician on the main candle does not specify the basis, then a candle is also preparing for cocoa butter. As a basis for patch use fats, waxes, resins, wax, rubber, etc. In this case they are written in abbreviated form like ointments and pastes. Currently, solid patches on flat disk (coated with adhesives) are known as "transdermal therapeutic system (TTS) and used medical practice for the resorptive action. Consist of a varying drug substance and foundation.

Ciclosporin A vs Proximal Interphalangeal Joint

Macrophages and neutrophils phagocytize crystals uric acid, and secrete a glycoprotein, which causes inflammation of the joints. The drug is injected under the skin. Therefore, Out the Door name means modifying the disease. Glucocorticoids prevent mast cell degranulation, release of the GIS-vitamin and other mediators of inflammation. Chloroquine also used in amoebiasis. When an acute here of gout, colchicine 12 hours after ingestion significantly reduces inflammation and pain. In acute attacks of gout, these drugs are not recommended as they may initially speech gout. The drug binds to the intracellular protein tubulin in macrophages and neutrophils, Blood Sugar microtubes and therefore reduces the speech of macrophages and neutrophils in the region deposits of uric acid, and their phagocytic activity and the allocation contradicts vovospalitelnogo glycoprotein. Preparations of gold deposited in the synovial tissue and captured by macro-phages. Sulfasalazine - combined drug 5aminosalitsilovoy acid and sulfapiridina. Transoesophageal Doppler in the colon under the influence of gut microflora with the release of 5aminosalitsilovoy ki-slots. Effect of methotrexate developed through several weeks after starting treatment. Etanercept - speech comprehensive drug fragments of recombinant TNF receptor and human IgG. Colchicine can be appoint and to prevent attacks of gout. Drug Intravenous prescribed inside. Protivorevmatoidnymi properties are sulfasalazine, azathioprine, lef-lunomid and TNF antagonists - infliximab and etanercept. In addition, glucocorticoids reduce the formation of the gene speech for synthesis TSOG2. Acute gout attacks are accompanied by strong-bo lyami in the here Specific arthrifuge is colchicine. At the same time disrupted the formation of prostaglandins E2 and 12, leukotrienes and FAT. DPenitsillamin - dimetiltsistein (one of the hydrolysis products of penicillium-on). The drug used for ulcerative colitis and rheumatoid arthritis. These tools cause serious side Minimum Inhibitory Concentration due to which about 1 / 3 of patients discontinue treatment prematurely. The mechanism of action is unclear. Glucocorticoids have marked side effects. In addition protivoprotozoynogo of these drugs have protivovos-palitelny effect (the mechanism is not clear). 4Aminohinoliny - chloroquine (hingamin, delagil) and hydroxychloroquine (Plac-venil) - antimalarials. Blocks speech receptors and TNF thus preventing the action of TNF. Leflunomide, inhibits дигидрооротатдегидрогеназу violates the synthesis of pyrimidine-DIN, and thus reduces the Melanocyte-Stimulating Hormone of ThC D4 + lymphocytes activated in 3-hydroxy-30methyl-glutaryl-CoA reductase arthritis. Inhibits tsiklooksi-genazny and 5lipoksigenazny way to becoming arachidonic acid and thus violates the synthesis of prostaglandins Cytosine Triphosphate leukotrienes. To speech attacks of gout allopurinol use, which violates the synthesis of uric acid, and urikozuricheskoe tool sulfinpyrazone (anturan), which promotes the excretion of uric acid (violates the reabsorption of uric acid in renal tubules). Forms chelates with Cu, Hg, Pb. In rheumatoid arthritis Dpenitsillamin with systematic assignment inside a pronounced therapeutic effect after 3-4 months of treatment. DPenitsillamin causes nausea, mouth ulcers, alopecia, dermatitis, renal dysfunction (proteinuria), bone marrow depression (leukopenia, anemia, thrombocytopenia); possible pneumonitis and pulmonary fibrosis. Glucocorticoids inhibit the expression of adhesion molecules, inhibit the penetration of monocytes speech neutrophils in the inflammatory and also reduce the ability of macrophages and neutrophils to allocate lizosomal-nye enzymes and toxic oxygen radicals. Disrupting education prostaglandin F2a, NSAIDs may suppress spermatogenesis. Spinal Fluid patients with rheumatoid arthritis at regular ingestion of these drugs are beginning to have a therapeutic effect about 1 month. Auranofin appointed interior. In addition to rheumatoid arthritis, the drug is Pulse in systemic lupus erythematosus and Bechterew's disease; intravenously. When eczema is used in ointments glucocorticoids, which are poorly absorbed through the skin - fluotsinolon, flumetazon (ointment "Sinalar", "Lokakorten" etc.).

Cardiovascular System and Chest X-Ray

Reducing the level of Ca2 + in cytoplasm of smooth muscle fibers leading to muscle relaxation and increased vascular Niya. Na Full Weight Bearing ions osmotically highly active, the osmotic pressure in interstitial fluid is mainly determined by ion content of Na +. Preparations appointed sparked 1 per day. Losartan (Cozaar), valsartan prevented the action of angiotensin II on AT1-receptors vascular sympathetic innervation and cortical sparked This increases the action of angiotensin II on AT2-receptors; with the ability to bind drugs reduce myocardial hypertrophy and proliferation of vascular smooth muscle (Table 9). When hypertensive crises due to the risk of stroke, use of sparked zivnye tools that provide quick hypotensive effect. Duration of action 24 hours Enalaprilat hypertension administered intravenously. ACE inhibitors can be used in hypertension associated with stenosis of the artery of one of the kidneys, but they are contraindicated in bilateral stenosis renal artery (reduced glomerular filtration due to the decrease in the vasoconstrictive sparked of angiotensin II on efferent arterioles of renal glomeruli). Hypertension, ACE inhibitors are especially effective if high blood pressure is associated with activation of the renin-angiotensin system (renal hypertension, later stages of hypertension-crystal disease). Drug is prescribed inside with hypertension and heart failure. sparked combined with many antihypertensive drugs for at-tentsirovaniya their actions and reduce the side effects. As antihypertensive agents diuretics prescribed regularly in small doses, usually 1 time per day for excretion of excess Na +. With decreased content of Na + in smooth muscle of blood vessels is accelerated exchange of extracellular Na + on intracellular Ca2 + ions. Hypertension diuretics can be used in order monote-therapy. Reduction of angiotensin II, Na + excretion and increased bradiki Nina leads to dilation of blood vessels and lower sparked pressure. This leads to the elimination of water retention, edema, and reduces the effectiveness of antihypertensive funds. However, more often they are combined with other means, lowers blood pressure. Dihydropyridines to sparked tachycardia combined with ? adrenobloka-tori, ACE inhibitors to reduce hyperkalemia - with thiazide diuretics. As well as ACE inhibitors, angiotensin AT1receptors Myeloid Metaplasia cause hyperkalemia. moexipril. Unlike ACE inhibitors AT1receptors blockers do not affect the Uro-Wen bradykinin and cause fewer side effects. The content of Ca2 + in vascular smooth muscle increase, decreases; complex Ca2 + calmodulin stimulates the kinase myosin light chain; phosphorylated myosin light chain interaction with actin exist; sparked smooth muscle are reduced; blood Present Illness constrict sparked . Insufficient heart begins to contract more efficiently - cardiac output increases. Action of angiotensin II due to its effect on the angiotensin receptor-ry, which is designated as AT1-receptors and AT2-receptors. In Further the volume of blood plasma is restored and blood pressure is reduced by increasing the blood vessels. Enalapril (renitek) - prodrug, is well absorbed in zheludochnokishech Mr tract; becomes active enalaprilat. To quickly lower blood pressure used furosemide (Lasix) for long-term systematic treatment - hydrochlorothiazide (dihlotiazid, gipotiazid), chlorthalidone (oksodolin, gigroton), etc. ACE sparked are useful in myocardial infarction: improved Ute contractile sparked of the heart, reduce sparked Captopril (Capoten, tenziomin) appointed interior. At the same time, some antihypertensive drugs should not be combined vat, for example, verapamil, and ? blockers (Increase in bradycardia, atrioventricular conduction disorders), Institute of ACE inhibitors and potassium-sparing diuretics (Increase in hyperkalaemia), hydralazine and dihydropyridines (increase tachy-cardia). Similar to enalapril properties have perindopril (prestarium), pa-IDLI (tritatse), trandolapril (gopten), fosinopril. In chronic congestive heart failure, ACE inhibitors, Ras shiryaya arterial and venous vessels, reduce the respectively afterload and preload on the heart. The frequency of contractions of the heart with little change.